What is SPF?

The most important guide to choosing a sunscreen is its SPF rating SPF – sun protection factor – is a measure of how well the sunscreen filters the damaging UV radiation. Health experts around the world generally recommend we all choose sunscreens with three important features:

1. An SPF of 50+ which is the maximum protection rating

2. Broad-spectrum coverage, which shields against both UVA (aging) and UVB (burning) rays.

3. A sunscreen that is water resistant to maintain protection during physical work, sports, or time outdoors.

Why have some sunscreens been recalled?

In 2025, independent testing in several countries found that some sunscreens offered much less protection than their labels claimed. Products marked as SPF 50+ were found to have significantly lower ratings, with some performing as low as SPF 4. This led to several recalls and raised questions about testing standards and product reliability.

Many of these products shared the same base formula, with different companies adding their own fragrances and branding. Some of the testing laboratories involved were also found to have gaps in their verification processes.

To stay informed, check your local health authority’s website for updated recall information before purchasing sunscreen.

Which is better – a mineral or chemical sunscreen?

If you choose a broad-spectrum, water-resistant sunscreen with SPF 50+, both mineral and chemical types can provide strong protection.

Mineral sunscreens (made with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide) sit on top of the skin and block UV rays. They work immediately, are often better for sensitive skin, and are more environmentally friendly, but may leave a slight white layer on the skin.

Chemical sunscreens absorb into the skin and neutralize UV rays. They should be applied about 20 minutes before sun exposure and have a clear, invisible finish.

The takeaway

Choose a sunscreen that offers SPF 50+ broad-spectrum protection, check for any safety alerts, and reapply regularly, especially after sweating, swimming, or towel-drying. Consistent protection helps prevent sun damage, premature aging, and skin cancer.