Traditionally obesity has been defined as a BMI of more than 30. However, this does not take into account whether an individual has fat distribution around their belly (high risk of heart disease) or around their hips (lower risk). Nor does it assess the impact that weight is having on an individual – do they have joint pain? Are they breathless? Do they have heart failure?

In most places, you have specific rights and protections when it comes to workplace bullying under local work health and safety laws. These will usually include such rights as:

• The right to a safe work environment

This does not just mean physical safety, it also means you have a right to a workplace free of bullying.

• The right to make a complaint

If you are being bullied, you can report it to your manager, human resources or a health and safety representative.

• The right to confidentiality

Your privacy should be respected, and no one should be told that you have made a complaint

• Protection from retaliation

Your complaint must be handled fairly, and you cannot be targeted unjustly for speaking up.

• The right to seek outside help

You can seek help from a union representative, lawyer or workplace advocate. The work health and safety regulator in your area will also be a good source of information and support.

• Compensation and legal support

You may be able to seek compensation if the bullying causes psychological or physical injury through a workers’ compensation scheme.

It can feel scary to speak up, but it is important to get help so you can feel safe and comfortable at work.

If you feel you are the target of a workplace bully, there are some steps you can take:

1. Gather evidence.

2. Speak up. Lodge a formal complaint.

3. Seek external support: If the issue is not resolved, go to the relevant work health and safety regulator.

Some people burp 10-20 times a day and usually there is nothing to worry about provided your burps are just burps – no discomfort, no reflux, no bloating or other symptoms (and you are not embarrassed by your burps).

Every day our body produces 25 litres of gas in the intestine. Thankfully most of this is re-absorbed and only about one to two litres is expelled from the body by either burping or flatulence. Burping is how our body gets rid of excessive gas from the stomach. Gas further down the intestine will be released as flatulence.

Most of the time our burps are caused by simply swallowing too much air while we are eating or drinking. Certain foods or food intolerances may result in burping and occasionally a medical condition requiring investigation and treatment is the cause of burping.

Swallowing too much air

It is normal to swallow some air when we eat and drink, however when we eat quickly and drink large volumes of liquid, this increases the amount of air that we swallow. Excessive air in the stomach causes it to stretch and burping is the easiest way to get rid of the excess air. Other causes of excessive air in the stomach include chewing gum, sucking on hard lollies, talking while eating and smoking.

Foods that cause too much gas

Certain foods are known to cause excessive gas in the stomach because they produce gas during the digestive process. Cabbage, onions, broccoli, cauliflower and lentils are often the culprits.

Food intolerances are another reason for excessive burping. If your body has trouble digesting foods, you may get an increase in gas. Common examples are lactose intolerance or gluten intolerance. If you suspect your burping is linked to certain foods, keep a food diary and then discuss your symptoms with your doctor or a dietitian before eliminating foods.

Medical conditions that cause burping

While most of the time our burping is harmless, there are several medical conditions to look out for. Refluxing food from the stomach back up into the oesophagus is a common cause of burping. Other conditions include a hiatus hernia – when part of the stomach has moved up into the chest cavity. Stomach ulcers and bacterial infections of gut can also be the underlying cause of your burping.

When to see your doctor

If you are worried or embarrassed by your burping, have a talk with your GP. Symptoms that should be investigated include: abdominal or chest discomfort, nausea, bloating, unexplained weight loss, vomiting, difficulty swallowing or feeling overly full after eating.

Is 75 Hard healthy?

On paper it may seem like a positive lifestyle change, but some experts think it could go too far. Lead psychologist at Awake Therapy, Mark Travers, says that “the rigid nature of 75 Hard makes it unsustainable for many.” Travers believes that the inflexibility of the challenge makes it harder for people with demanding jobs, caregiving responsibilities or health conditions to follow such an extreme regimen.

Although it is well accepted that rest days are a necessary part of physical health, the inflexible nature of the challenge makes these rest days obsolete. Even when you fall sick or have more important commitments, the challenge insists you complete all tasks or you start again. According to Travers, this can “heighten feelings of guilt or inadequacy when participants slip up, potentially reinforcing negative cycles”.

Are there any risks?

Perhaps the most concerning aspect of this challenge is the requirement to drink 3.8 litres of water each day. For many people this amount of water is dangerous and could lead to very low sodium levels causing nausea, drowsiness and seizures.

In addition, it is important to note that the challenge creator has no medical, nutrition of fitness credentials. He is an entrepreneur, motivational speaker and coach who emphasises that 75 Hard program is actually about mental toughness, not fitness. Programs like 75 Hard should not be treated as expert advice. Rather, it is best to use them as motivation, and treat any hard “rules” with caution.

A more realistic challenge: 75 Soft

75 Soft, also a challenge made on TikTok, is an adapted version of the 75 Hard challenge, aimed at ensuring sustainability and a realistic set of goals. In this challenge, you have to eat well, only drink on social occasions, exercise for 45 minutes a day (with one day a week for recovery), drink three litres of water a day and read ten pages of any book a day.

Although it probably would not push you as hard as its original challenge, 75 Soft can be great for those who cannot fit the rigorous exercise and constant dieting into their routine.

Tommy Hattoo, a wellbeing campaigner who has completed both of the challenges, said that both were great but that “if he wants something more sustainable and realistic” he would choose the 75 Soft challenge.

How can I train my peripheral vision?

You may feel that the increased screen time of the 21^st century has made you lose touch with your peripheral vision. But there are exercises which help enhance visual acuity, broaden our peripheral vision field and reduce the risk of tunnel vision:

Tracking practice: This is an easy and accessible eye exercise which involves focusing on a central point, such as a stationary object. Then, while maintaining eye contact with this object and – keeping your head still, try to identify all the different objects in your peripheral vision.

Ball and wall drill: Stand about a metre away from a wall and focus your vision on a fixed point just above eye level. Now, throw a tennis ball with one hand against the wall, using your other hand to catch it. Make sure your eyes stay fixed on one point.

Just as we train our other muscles, you may find that consistently training the muscles around your eyes with these exercises will help you enhance your awareness and peripheral vision.

“This does not interfere with the body’s ability to absorb water and stay hydrated,” said Grace Derocha, a registered dietitian nutritionist and spokeswoman for the US Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

Actually, sparkling water may have an advantage. If you prefer it over plain, then you are more likely to drink more and be better hydrated than if you drink less. But choose ones without added sugar, advises Derocha.

While mouth taping is not scientifically proved as a treatment, there is some evidence of limited benefits. The US Sleep Foundation undertook a small study of people with mild obstructive sleep apnoea who used a porous patch over the mouth to encourage nasal breathing. Researchers found the group experienced reduced snoring and fewer instances of interrupted breathing.

Some people also claim that mouth taping helps with fatigue, concentration issues, bad breath, and excessive thirst at night, although most of these claims have not been scientifically studied.

But mouth taping is not for everyone. There have been some reported side effects of mouth taping, including irritation on or around the lips, disrupted sleep due to irritation from the tape or difficulty breathing through the nose (especially if you have nasal congestion).

Additionally, anyone who feels anxious about having their mouth taped shut may find it unsettling.

As mouth taping is not considered a commonly accepted or proven practice, speak to your doctor before trying it. If you suspect you might have sleep apnoea or another sleep disorder, other treatments may be more effective.

If you have difficulty breathing through your nose due to a cold or sinus infection, allergies, nasal polyps or another reason, you should avoid mouth taping.

How does dehydration affect my kidneys?

As we all know, water plays an incredibly important part in the working of our body. One of its most important roles is to remove waste from our blood in the form of urine. However, according to experts at Kidney Research UK, when our bodies are dehydrated, the urine we produce has a higher concentration of minerals and waste, which can lead to the formation of crystals within our bloodstream. These crystals can affect kidney function and contribute to kidney diseases such as kidney stones and even kidney failure.

How will I know if I have kidney problems?

Although it may be easy to tell if you have kidney stones, there are other symptoms of kidney problems that might not be so obvious. When we are severely dehydrated, our kidney function can be rapidly reduced, leading to an acute kidney injury (AKI). While AKI’s do not always cause symptoms, some signs of kidney include producing less urine than usual, nausea, fatigue, high blood pressure and swelling in the legs, ankles or feet. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek medical attention.

How can I prevent kidney damage?

Apart from staying hydrated, there are other ways you can protect your kidneys. We should get our blood pressure and blood glucose levels regularly checked by doctors as they can be good indicators of kidney health. And of course, the usual health advice applies to your kidneys as well as your overall mental and physical health: reduce your salt intake, manage your weight, create a regular exercise routine and moderate any alcohol.

Do you have trouble getting off to sleep? Try a warm shower before bedtime, say sleep experts.

Studies have found that people who bathe before bedtime fall asleep faster. In the hours before bedtime, a human’s core body temperature naturally cools, while skin temperatures of the hands and feet increase. Scientists believe that immersing your body in warm water aids this natural temperature regulation process, improving sleep as a result.

It is important to get the timing right, says sleep physician Dr David Rosen.

“Make sure your warm shower is at least one hour before bed, because that is what is best supported by research,” he says.

Dr Rosen says the warm shower habit can become part of your bedtime routine, like stopping harmful sleep habits such as screen time, and starting helpful ones like creating a restful bedroom environment.

Can a cold shower help you sleep too? While there are benefits to cold showers, improving sleep does not seem to be one of them. Cold water tends to be stimulating, raising levels of the hormones cortisol and norepinephrine which can boost your alertness.